国产视频

This colloquium aimed to examine the interaction between the Shi士a and the 惭耻士迟补锄颈濒补 viewed as a continuous process of interpretation and interplay between the representatives of these two pivotal intellectual and religious trends in Islam. It explored this interaction as a mutually enriching process of historical and intellectual exchange through the examination of key features in the domain of theology, law, philosophy, and the understanding of history. In particular, the project investigated the permeation of ostensible examples of rational argumentation into Shi士i concepts and questioned the extent to which this was due to the influence of the Mu士tazili trends and approaches. It investigated whether any adaptation and further elaboration of Shi士i ideas also penetrated Mu士tazili milieu to be employed in substantiating their arguments on historical, political and doctrinal stands.

While taking into account the inherently diverse encounters between the 惭耻士迟补锄颈濒补 and the Shi士a, the colloquium鈥檚 participants remained cognisant to remain cognisant of the complexity of the analytical definitions of 鈥楳u士tazili鈥� and 鈥楽hi士i鈥� as categories and of the ideas, doctrines, arguments and scholarly affiliation assigned to either of them.

The most common understanding of the relationship between Shi士i and Mu士tazili thought is that the former, and especially its Ithn膩士ashar墨 and Zayd墨 forms, was highly influenced by Mu士tazili rationalism. Although some convergences between Mu士tazilism and Shi士ism have been considered as later developments and not original, a particularly vivid influence is seen about major Mu士tazili tenets such as聽迟补飞岣ツ玠The Oneness of God or belief in Divine Unity, one of the fundamental tenets of Islam.聽(unity of God) and 士补诲濒听(justice of God). The often-repeated argument is that these notions have been directly borrowed from the 惭耻士迟补锄颈濒补. Necessarily then, the influence of Mu士tazili thought on these two core聽耻蝉奴濒听补濒-诲墨苍聽(principles of faith) will be explored in detail.

The works of jurist-theologians of Shi士ism and, in particular, the founding figures of its Ithn膩士ashar墨 tradition, such as al-Shaykh al-Muf墨d, al-Shar墨f al-Ra岣嵞� and al-Shar墨f al-Murta岣嵞�, are also seen as strongly marked by the Mu士tazili rationalist approach. Furthermore, the emergence of a nuanced legal tradition among both the Ithn膩士ashar墨s and the聽Zayd墨s聽is considered to have developed under a strong Mu士tazili influence. It is also important to investigate the position of Ismaili theologians towards Mu士tazilism as it is paramount to know whether there was any influence of Mu士tazilim on Q膩岣嵞� al-Nu士m膩n鈥檚 legal theory. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this project also explores the Mu士tazili impact on the development of the doctrine of聽Imama, which is often seen as a contentious issue still in need of investigation.

Another area of inquiry is the historical circumstances that facilitated the development of Mu士tazili thought and allowed its permeation within the Shi士i intellectual milieus of the 3rd-6th/9th-11th centuries. The alleged acceptance of Mu士tazili thought within Shi士i circles is examined against the background of the 士Abbasid revolution and rule; the B奴yid influence; the establishment of the Zayd墨 states in 峁琣baristan and Yemen; the establishment of the Fatimid state in Egypt and the overall success of the Fatimid Ismaili聽诲补士飞补Lit. ‘summons’, ‘mission’ or invitation to Islam. Amongst Shi’i Muslims, it was the invitation to adopt the cause of the Imamat. It also refers more specifically to the hierarchy of…; and the greater occultation of the Twelfth聽Imam聽of the Ithn膩士ashar墨 tradition and the subsequent rise of the 士耻濒补尘腻示 as聽nuww膩b 士amm聽of the聽Imam聽in聽ghayba. In recent years, the study of Mu士tazilism has been furthered through the investigation of Jewish and Shi士i sources employed by Sabine Schmidtke and David Sklare to identify Mu士tazili manuscripts through their 鈥楳u士tazilite Project Group鈥�. Most recently, Habib Mazahir and Hussein Ali Abdulsater have discussed the influence of Mu士tazili thought on Imami theology. Following such latest findings, this project aimed to widen the research areas seeking to examine Mu士tazilism鈥檚 purported relationship with all major Shi士i branches to include aspects of Zayd墨 and Ismaili interactions. The colloquium was the first step in a wider project examining this topic.